Despite substantial progress in achieving racial justice in American society over the past half century, racial disparities in the criminal justice system have persisted and worsened in many respects. Among African American men born just after World War II, 15% of those without a high school degree were imprisoned by their mid-30s.130 For those born in the 1970s, 68% were imprisoned by their mid-30s
https://www.sentencingproject.org/wp...ves-Matter.pdf
African Americans and whites use and sell drugs at similar rates, yet African
Americans are far more likely to be imprisoned for drug offenses.
Despite the fact that white drug users outnumber black users by a factor of five there were more than twice as many African Americans (62,087) as whites (28,314) admitted to prison for drug offenses from large-population counties in 2002. The rate of admission to prison for drug offenses is more than 10 times larger for African Americans (262.16 per 100,000) than it is for whites (24.85 per 100,000).
http://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads...nts/vortex.pdf
We assessed racial disparities in policing in the United States by compiling and analysing a dataset detailing nearly 100 million traffic stops conducted across the country. We found that black drivers were less likely to be stopped after sunset, when a ‘veil of darkness’ masks one’s race, suggesting bias in stop decisions. Furthermore, by examining the rate at which stopped drivers were searched and the likelihood that searches turned up contraband, we found evidence that the bar for searching black and Hispanic drivers was lower than that for searching white drivers. Finally, we found that legalization of recreational marijuana reduced the number of searches of white, black and Hispanic drivers—but the bar for searching black and Hispanic drivers was still lower than that for white drivers post-legalization. Our results indicate that police stops and search decisions suffer from persistent racial bias and point to the value of policy interventions to mitigate these disparities
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0858-1.pdf
In this report, the Commission has provided an update to its prior reports on demographic differences in sentencing. The Commission found that sentence length continues to be associated with some demographic factors, in particular race and gender. After controlling for a wide variety of sentencing factors, the Commission found that Black male offenders continued to receive longer sentences than similarly situated White male offenders, and that female offenders of all races received shorter sentences than White male offenders.
https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/f...mographics.pdf
Summary of Results and Implications The study we conducted yielded several interesting results. First, we found that simply showing participants a photo of a dark-skinned perpetrator introduced racial bias into a crucial jury function - evaluating evidence. Next, we found that these biased evidence judgments mattered; they predicted guilty and not guilty verdicts. Finally, we found that the evidence-based racial cues likely were implicit in nature and may have activated stereotypes even without the participants' awareness.
https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/c...5&context=wvlr
En zo zijn er nog honderden studies die aantonen dat zwarten ongelijker behandeld worden in het rechtssysteem. En niet te vergeten: de situatie waarin zwarten in Amerika zich bevinden in een rechtstreeks resultaat van de effecten van slavernij en de wetten in het Jim Crow tijdperk. Als jij je rijkdom opbouwt door het gebruik van slaven dan hebben die niks terwijl jij alle rijkdom hebt als je ze bevrijdt. Als je die daarna dan nog 100 jaar wettelijk als tweederangsburger behandelt voordat de Civil rights act werd geïntroduceerd dan hebben die niet de kans om zich uit de armoede waarin ze geplaats zijn te trekken. Laat staan als die dan nog wordt verergerd door 'legale discriminatie' die ingebakken zit in het systeem
