Liverpool
Shankly became the manager of Liverpool in December 1959. Shankly is remembered by many Liverpool fans as their greatest ever manager. His record of honours (in itself notable) pales compared to some of his successors (including the man that immediately followed, Bob Paisley) but he is credited with establishing the club's reputation and setting the scene for subsequent successes.
In 1959, Liverpool was a club in the bottom of the old Second Division, with a crumbling stadium, poor training facilities and a large and poor quality playing staff. The only quality was in the backroom staff, with Joe Fagan and Reuben Bennett, added to by the recently retired and Shankly admired Bob Paisley. Shankly firstly told the three of them that they all had jobs while he was there, recognising that the team around was a key to success - and that was probably the start of the now infamous Bootroom.
The training ground at Melwood was in a terrible state, overgrown and with only one mains tap. But Shankly turned this into a strength, by getting the players to arrive instead at Anfield, and then bus them over to Melwood - this created team camaraderie. At Melwood Shankly introduced fitness training including diet assessment, and skills training including using an artificial goal painted on a convenient wall, split into eight sections which he would demand the players hit each time. For playing practice, Shankly introduced five-a-side games that so defined his football thinking - pass and move, keep it simple, a creed taken from the daily matches played by the miners of Glenbuck. After training, the team would all bus back to Anfield together to shower, change and get a communal meal. This way Shankly ensured all his players had warmed down correctly and he would keep his players free from injury. Resultantly, in the 1965-66 season Liverpool finished as champions using just 14 players and two of those only played a handful of games.
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1960's team
Slowly at first, and then with a gathering pace, Shankly and his backroom team turned Liverpool around. The Anfield crowd sensed change, with gates regularly topping 40,000 and with new signings Ron Yeats, Ian St. John and Gordon Milne, promotion was gained back to the first division in 1962-63. The addition of Peter Thompson (along with a failed swoop for Jackie Charlton) to his ever-improving team. The supremacy of Everton in the city of Liverpool was the first target for Shankly now that he had got the club back into the top flight, and in 63-64, Liverpool clinched their 6th title, from former champions Everton.
The first F.A. Cup win in 1965 was followed by Europe, as Liverpool established a passing style that became the envy of the watching football world. Whilst Shankly, orchestrating events at Anfield was at one with the fans, perfectly in tune with the Kopites, knowing and understanding how they felt about football and the pride a successful team gave them - remaining in touch with his working class roots. His would tell anyone who cared to listen that his lads played to a socialist ethic. If a player was having a poor game Shankly would expect a team mate to cover for him and bail him out like you would do for a neighbour or a colleague down the mine.
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1970's team
The decline of the 1960s team saw the birth of Shankly's second great Liverpool side. Out went Hunt, St.John, Yeats and Lawrence, and in came Kevin Keegan, Steve Heighway, Larry Lloyd and Ray Clemence - he missed out on signing Lou Macari, and sent a note round to the players after Macari had signed for Manchester United that Shankly had only wanted him for the second team. The UEFA Cup, the first European trophy, arrived in 1973, won in tandem with the club's 8th league title. In 1974, the F.A. Cup came back to Anfield after a breathtaking Wembley performance against a hapless Malcolm Macdonald and a resultantly under performing Newcastle United.
Relationship with fans
Due to his working class background, and views on socialism, Shankly had a strong feeling for how the fans followed the team and wanted them to perfrom.
When he wasn't managing a football club, Shankly was usually at his typewriter, personally replying to the letters which arrived at Melwood. Shankly even called some supporters at home to discuss the previous day's game, while the accounts of him providing tickets for fans are endless [1].
One of the most iconic images of all was caught on television, when a Liverpool scarf which had been thrown at Shankly during a lap of honour was flung to one side by a policeman. Shankly pounced on the scarf and reprimanded with the copper by uttering the immortal words about how the garment "represented someone's life".
After his retirement he said: "I was only in the game for the love of football - and I wanted to bring back happiness to the people of Liverpool."
The journalist John Keith, who wrote the play "The Bill Shankly Tribute Story", commented that Shankly knew how important the fans were to a succesful team, and that even after his retirement, at the 1976 second leg of the Uefa Cup final in Brugge: "A fan came over and said he didn't have a ticket - so Shanks went and bought him one." [2]
Retirement
Shankly was 60, and in July 1974 decided to retire - he said that going to tell the chairman of his decsion was like facing the electric chair. He wanted to spend time with his wife Ness and their family. When news of Shankly's resignation first emerged, distraught fans jammed the club's switchboard and local factory workers threatened to go on strike unless their hero returned [3].
The club was left in capable hands, with the bootroom staff supplemented by ex-players Ronnie Moran and Roy Evans and they got behind new manager Bob Paisley. Later it was revealed that Shankly wanted Jack Charlton to succeed him at Liverpool, and not Bob Paisley. This was the start of a deteriorating relationship between Shankly and the club, which only got worse during his retirment.
Shankly was awarded the OBE in November 1974. He continued to live in the terraced house that he and his wife had bought when they moved to Liverpool, and he was a regular sight around the city, happy and willing to talk to anyone about football or socialism. He even went regularly to Melwood, to watch the team train.
On 26 September 1981 Shankly was admitted to Broadgreen Hospital following a heart attack, he insisted on being nursed in an ordinary ward: "That is where he wanted to be," a hospital spokesman told the Liverpool Echo newspaper [4]. Shankly died aged 68 on 29 September 1981. He was cremated, and buried at the Anfield Crematorium [5]. His rift with the club was quickly resolved, when on the first game at Anfield following his funeral, a huge banner was unfurled on the Kop which read "Shankly Lives Forever".
Bill Shankly was made an Inaugural Inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002, in recognition of his impact on the English game as a manager.
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